3/29/2023 0 Comments Tuning the anchoring fd virusesThese parameters play a key role in defining the function of a protein, because they may facilitate or inhibit interactions with protein partners and thus regulate the cellular outcome of receptor engagement. We focus on the role of the cytoskeleton in regulating receptor compartmentalization, dynamics, and clustering. In this review, we concentrate on recent studies examining the role of the actin cytoskeleton in controlling receptor triggering and cell signaling. Indeed, mutations in genes that encode actin regulatory proteins are associated with human immunodeficiencies, such as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, underscoring the importance of the actin cytoskeleton in immune cell activation ( Derry et al., 1994 Machesky and Insall, 1998). The multifunctional and dynamic quality of actin impart it with characteristics that make it a potent mechanism for controlling and/or tuning receptor signaling this may be particularly important for receptors that need to be tightly regulated, such as immune receptors. Indeed, cortical actin participates in various cellular events occurring proximal to the membrane, such as endocytosis, focal adhesions, and regulation of membrane protein diffusion and organization ( Le Clainche and Carlier, 2008 Mooren et al., 2012 Trimble and Grinstein, 2015). However, the cortical actin cytoskeleton is in intimate interaction with both lipid and protein components of the plasma membrane. The actin cortex underlies the plasma membrane, where it has been traditionally thought to mainly act as support to the membrane. The cellular cytoskeleton is a continuously remodeled dynamic network that provides force and support to cellular structures and also serves as tracks for vesicle and organelle movement. Emerging evidence implicates the actin cytoskeleton as a key regulator of cell signaling.
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